Solution - Quadratic equations

Step by step solution :

Step  1  :

Equation at the end of step  1  :

  (25x2 +  3x) -  18  = 0 

Step  2  :

Trying to factor by splitting the middle term

 2.1     Factoring  32x²+3x-18 

The first term is,  32x²  its coefficient is  32 .
The middle term is,  +3x  its coefficient is  3 .
The last term, "the constant", is  -18 

Step-1 : Multiply the coefficient of the first term by the constant   32 • -18 = -576 

Step-2 : Find two factors of  -576  whose sum equals the coefficient of the middle term, which is   3 .

For tidiness, printing of 15 lines which failed to find two such factors, was suppressed

Observation : No two such factors can be found !!
Conclusion : Trinomial can not be factored

Equation at the end of step  2  :

  32x2 + 3x - 18  = 0 

Step  3  :

Parabola, Finding the Vertex :

 3.1      Find the Vertex of   y = 32x²+3x-18

Parabolas have a highest or a lowest point called the Vertex .   Our parabola opens up and accordingly has a lowest point (AKA absolute minimum) .   We know this even before plotting  "y"  because the coefficient of the first term, 32 , is positive (greater than zero). 

 Each parabola has a vertical line of symmetry that passes through its vertex. Because of this symmetry, the line of symmetry would, for example, pass through the midpoint of the two  x -intercepts (roots or solutions) of the parabola. That is, if the parabola has indeed two real solutions. 

 Parabolas can model many real life situations, such as the height above ground, of an object thrown upward, after some period of time. The vertex of the parabola can provide us with information, such as the maximum height that object, thrown upwards, can reach. For this reason we want to be able to find the coordinates of the vertex. 

 For any parabola,Ax²+Bx+C,the  x -coordinate of the vertex is given by  -B/(2A) . In our case the  x  coordinate is  -0.0469  

 Plugging into the parabola formula  -0.0469  for  x  we can calculate the  y -coordinate : 
  y = 32.0 * -0.05 * -0.05 + 3.0 * -0.05 - 18.0
or   y = -18.070

Parabola, Graphing Vertex and X-Intercepts :

Root plot for :  y = 32x²+3x-18
Axis of Symmetry (dashed)  {x}={-0.05} 
Vertex at  {x,y} = {-0.05,-18.07} 
 x -Intercepts (Roots) :
Root 1 at  {x,y} = {-0.80, 0.00} 
Root 2 at  {x,y} = { 0.70, 0.00} 

Solve Quadratic Equation by Completing The Square

 3.2     Solving   32x²+3x-18 = 0 by Completing The Square .

 Divide both sides of the equation by  32  to have 1 as the coefficient of the first term :
   x²+(3/32)x-(9/16) = 0

Add  9/16  to both side of the equation :
   x²+(3/32)x = 9/16

Now the clever bit: Take the coefficient of  x , which is  3/32 , divide by two, giving  3/64 , and finally square it giving  9/4096 

Add  9/4096  to both sides of the equation :
  On the right hand side we have :
   9/16  +  9/4096   The common denominator of the two fractions is  4096   Adding  (2304/4096)+(9/4096)  gives  2313/4096 
  So adding to both sides we finally get :
   x²+(3/32)x+(9/4096) = 2313/4096

Adding  9/4096  has completed the left hand side into a perfect square :
   x²+(3/32)x+(9/4096)  =
   (x+(3/64)) • (x+(3/64))  =
  (x+(3/64))²
Things which are equal to the same thing are also equal to one another. Since
   x²+(3/32)x+(9/4096) = 2313/4096 and
   x²+(3/32)x+(9/4096) = (x+(3/64))²
then, according to the law of transitivity,
   (x+(3/64))² = 2313/4096

We'll refer to this Equation as  Eq. #3.2.1  

The Square Root Principle says that When two things are equal, their square roots are equal.

Note that the square root of
   (x+(3/64))²   is
   (x+(3/64))^2/2 =
  (x+(3/64))¹ =
   x+(3/64)

Now, applying the Square Root Principle to  Eq. #3.2.1  we get:
   x+(3/64) = √ 2313/4096

Subtract  3/64  from both sides to obtain:
   x = -3/64 + √ 2313/4096

Since a square root has two values, one positive and the other negative
   x² + (3/32)x - (9/16) = 0
   has two solutions:
  x = -3/64 + √ 2313/4096
   or
  x = -3/64 - √ 2313/4096

Note that  √ 2313/4096 can be written as
  √ 2313  / √ 4096   which is √ 2313  / 64

Solve Quadratic Equation using the Quadratic Formula

 3.3     Solving    32x²+3x-18 = 0 by the Quadratic Formula .

 According to the Quadratic Formula,  x  , the solution for   Ax²+Bx+C  = 0  , where  A, B  and  C  are numbers, often called coefficients, is given by :
                                     
            - B  ±  √ B²-4AC
  x =   ————————
                      2A

  In our case,  A   =     32
                      B   =    3
                      C   =  -18

Accordingly,  B²  -  4AC   =
                     9 - (-2304) =
                     2313

Applying the quadratic formula :

               -3 ± √ 2313
   x  =    ——————
                      64

Can  √ 2313 be simplified ?

Yes!   The prime factorization of  2313   is
   3•3•257 
To be able to remove something from under the radical, there have to be  2  instances of it (because we are taking a square i.e. second root).

√ 2313   =  √ 3•3•257   =
                ±  3 • √ 257

  √ 257   , rounded to 4 decimal digits, is  16.0312
 So now we are looking at:
           x  =  ( -3 ± 3 •  16.031 ) / 64

Two real solutions:

 x =(-3+√2313)/64=(-3+3√ 257 )/64= 0.705

or:

 x =(-3-√2313)/64=(-3-3√ 257 )/64= -0.798

Two solutions were found :

1.  x =(-3-√2313)/64=(-3-3√ 257 )/64= -0.798
2.  x =(-3+√2313)/64=(-3+3√ 257 )/64= 0.705